Letter To the Squirrels

Letter To the Squirrels I found the weirdest thing yesterday. On top of one of the Quad garbage cans, someone had left a ripped envelope with the words “TO THE SQUIRRELS” printed across the front. Beside it was a dirty and chewed-up letter. After only the first few lines, I realized it was important and have copied it, to the best of my ability, below. SQUIRRELS: Due to your villainy and disobedience, your employment at the University of Illinois will be terminated in three weeks, should your behavior not change. Collectively, you were appointed to be a mascot, not a menace. As charming as cartoon depictions of you may be, we are more than willing to sacrifice marketing appeal for the wellbeing and safety of our students. If you would like specific examples, we can easily list some of your inadequacies, which have only increased alongside our dissatisfaction over the past two years. following students on their way to classthrowing acorns at pedestrians from your lofty branchesstealing money from the Office of the Provostespionagepestering Quad-users during lunchtimedying on the sidewalkalarming the general public by performing cheap stunts, such as dashing in front of bikes and cars or jumping out of trees Our expectations are reasonable, if not generous. Abiding close to university buildings is acceptable, so long as you frolic rather than loiter. Eating out of the Quad trashcans is fine, so long as you don’t drag it around everywhere and leave it as a hazard on the sidewalk. There is one point deserving particular attention. While you might think it’s cute that some students try to feed you things, we insist that you avoid their attempts. It will only encourage them. On this point, we will not be flexible. It is out of legal obligation, not sentimental concern, that we issue this notice. You will be given no further warning, as you deserve none. If we continue to see problems by the first day after the third week, we will disown you immediately and replace you with crickets. Furthermore, we request the return of the money stolen from the provost, as well as damages for all emotional or physical injury you’ve inflicted on our students in the past two years. You may contact us by mail, sending the above to, sincerely, TheUniversity of Illinois campustown Kate Class of 2020 I’m a senior here at the university, majoring in English and Math and minoring in Spanish. I’ve lived in Illinois all my life, sharing a room with my sister and many crickets. As the youngest in my family, I’m lucky enough to have my older siblings’ advice and perspective as I make my way through college!

Poem Analysis O Captain! My Captain! by Walt Whitman Essays

The poem basically tells a story about the death of the captain of a ship men crew. The speaker of the poem is a sailor of the ship crew. He grieves mournfully about the death of his respectfully captain. Gloomy and dreary atmospheres are vividly sensed throughout the poem as the speaker lamenting the captain’s death. The poem begins with the speaker calling out his captain that they have finally made it home after their â€Å"fearful trip†. The boat is in sight of land and the people in the shore watch as it approaches, cheering and ringing church bells. However, as it approaches the shore, the boat is described as â€Å"grim and daring†, as if the speaker warns that something terrible is going to happen. And terrible as it is, the captain on deck†¦show more content†¦Finally, â€Å"his lips are pale and still† is representing the general state of death. Another figurative language applied in this poem is apostrophe. Apostrophe is a kind of personification in which a person calls out to something or someone who isn’t there or can’t answer you back. Apostrophe can be seen in stanza 2, â€Å"O heart! heart! heart!†, as heart can’t answer the speaker. â€Å"O Captain! My Captain!† in stanza 3 is also an apostrophe, since the captain has already described â€Å"fallen cold and dead†. Lastly, â€Å"Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!†, as neither shores nor bells are actually alive. Sound device that is used in this poem is rhyme. The rhyme pattern is aabb-xcxc. The end of each line of the last two stanzas in the following are colored with different colors to mark the rhyme. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still; My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will; The ship is anchord safe and sound, its voyage closed and done; From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won; Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells! But I, with mournful tread, Walk the deck my captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. It is Whitman’s admiration toward Abraham Lincoln and gloom toward his death that inspire me to choose this poem. Like most of Americans, Whitman felt a deep loss when Abraham Lincoln died. He had been a greatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem O Captain My Captain By Walt Whitman1337 Words   |  6 Pagestoday. To begin analyzing this poem we must first look at the context of when the poem was written. This poem, â€Å"O Captain, My Captain† was written by Walt Whitman in 1865 after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. This death of the beloved president left the entire country devastated. Walt Whitman was a very strong admirer of Abraham Lincoln and often saw him as a fatherly figure in his life. Whitman writes many times in his poem yelling â€Å"father† (Whitman 13). Whitman truly believed that Lincoln hadRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem O Captain ! My Captain By Walt Whitman826 Words   |  4 Pagesthe famous poem, â€Å"O Captain! My Captain!† Written by, Walt Whitman in the year 1865. The poem, refers to a terrible event in American history; the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. Instead of the country celebrating and rejoicing over the ending of the Civil War and being happy over the country being kept whole, everyone was mourning in the loss of their leader. Aboard a ship, the poem is about a fellow sailor grieving from the loss of his captain. The sailor in the poem is singingRead MoreComparison of Whitman and Dickenson Poems856 Words   |  4 Pagesperiod, two great American writers captured their ideas in poetry. Their poems give us insight into the time period, as well as universal insight about life. Although polar opposites in personality, Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman created similar poetry. Dickinson s Hope is a Thing with Feathers and Whitman s O Captain! My Captain! share many qualities. br brHope is a Thing with Feathers and O Captain! My Captain! contain a similar scansion. Both have a predominantly iambic meter. TheRead More Whitmans O Captain! My Captain! And Dickinsons Hope is a Thing with Feathers860 Words   |  4 PagesWhitmans O Captain! My Captain! And Dickinsons Hope is a Thing with Feathers America experienced profound changes during the mid 1800’s. New technologies and ideas helped the nation grow, while the Civil War ripped the nation apart. During this tumultuous period, two great American writers captured their ideas in poetry. Their poems give us insight into the time period, as well as universal insight about life. Although polar opposites in personality, Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman createdRead MoreCharacterization in the Film Dead Poets Society649 Words   |  3 Pagesboy named Neil and his six acquaintances. They all go to a boarding school, which is rigorous and conservative, called Welton academy. In this analysis I will discuss first and foremost the characterization in the film. John Keating is the new charismatic poetry teacher with unconventional teaching methods he is later referred to as O captain, my captain. He also is an unconventional and inspirational leader who has a lot of influence over the boys and their lives. He puts the term carpe diem in

Essay about Self Reflective Report - 1851 Words

Self Reflective Report Contents Introduction 2 Definition of Self-Reflection 2 Research Findings 3 Delivery of Debate, Strengths and Weaknesses 4 Feedback Evaluation and Myself Reflection 5 Conclusion†¦show more content†¦Reports were taken from CIPD, a research programme that focus on the future of HR. These reports such as ‘HR in Tough Times’ by Philip Sadler, have helped me understand the main implications faced by Human Resources at the present. One of the reports, the Annual survey report 2011 by Hays, I believe it contained very important information for my debate, although due to the lack of time and understanding I was not able to fully read the report, this could have been more explored as it had important information for the research such as, statistics which I have missed in all the debate. Statistics related to turnover, employment market were some I could have used for my research, also should have mentioned more references during my speaking. Delivery of Debate, Strengths and Weaknesses Determining one’s own strengths and weaknesses is a reflective process that is not always an easy task, although by knowing and gain an understanding of my strengths and weaknesses is beneficial for my future projects.Show MoreRelatedSelf Assesment Report1026 Words   |  5 PagesSELF ASSESSMENT REPORT NAME: MANISH KATARIA (P10556063) DATE: 15/11/10 TUTOR: NEIL SHERIFF TITLE: SELF ASSESSMENT REPORT MODULE: CORP 1520 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS AND CREATIVITY Executive Summary Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail†. The report explains the meaning of Personal Development planning and its importance in the life of a person. I explored my learning styles using activities done in tutorials. I came to know that I amRead MoreFactors That Influence Communication And The Strategies1262 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge, practice, feedback and reflection. 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Reflective practice helps workers think about how they could change their way of working – or should change theirRead MoreDreaming Is Something We ve All Experienced While Sleeping1565 Words   |  7 Pagesparts of the brain that is activated during our sleep, so in REM sleep, parts of the brain that control motivation, emotion, and reward are activated while areas in the pre-frontal cortex are deactivated; since the prefrontal cortex is necessary for self-awareness this is believed to be the cause for why REM dreams are irrational. Rem stands for rapid eye movement, during REM sleep neutrons in the brain, specifically in the occipital cortex and brain stem regions, are more active during REM sleepRead MoreInterdisciplinary Early Childhood Education Standard II Rationale for IECE KTS II789 Words   |  3 Pagesoutdoor floor plan for an inclusive environment. The report explains the principles and context for preparation of the learning environment to maximize the opportunities for full inclusion. The second component is a research-based Three-Tiered approach for Addressing Challenging Behavior. It includes strategies to prevent challenging behavior, support social-emotional competencies, and address chronic patterns of misbehavior. I also included a reflective analysis that connects my thoughts and practicesRead MoreReflection Of My Own Personal Development1637 Words   |  7 PagesResearch in this field has advocated reflective practice as an approach to professional development which positively impacts coa ching effectiveness (Cropley, et al., 2012). 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Effective Leadership Effective leaders strengthen the effort-to-performanceRead MoreHow Conflict Management Tools in Venture Creation Programs Affects Motivation, Learning Experience and Overall Performance in the Venture Team1015 Words   |  4 PagesConsequently, their education curriculum on entrepreneurship is based on opportunity identification, business development, self-employment, venture creation and growth. However, fewer venture creation programs apply a broader definition with focus on becoming entrepreneurial. So such venture creation curriculum besides every thing else provide education on personal development, creativity, self reliance, action orientation and initiative taking. (Karen, press) Entrepreneurs often work in the team and in orderRead MoreReflective Portfolio Of Skills Development Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesReflective portfolio of skills development 1. Introduction This report would analyse the skills developed throughout the MA in Personnel and Development Programme in LJMU. The learning process would be contextualised using literature from adult learning theory to analyse and write a critical reflection that demonstrates reporters’ competence in specific areas. Three broad areas would be covered in doing so. Firstly, learning process of self-management (of this report writer) would be explored focusingRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Ethnographic Reflexivity849 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolves the recognition that an account of reality does not simply mirror reality but rather creates or constitutes as real in the first place whatever it describes. Thus ‘the notion of reflexivity recognizes that texts do not simply and transparently report an independent order of reality. Rather, the texts themselves are implicated in the work of reality-construction (Emerson et. al., 1995:213). According to Robert M. Emerson and colleagues, reflexivity is a method in which the ethnographer is aware

Xacc/280 Wk2 Assignment Journalizing, Posting, and Preparing a Trial Balance Free Essays

Journalizing, Posting, and Preparing a Trial Balance XACC/280 November 27, 2011 Journalizing, Posting, and Preparing a Trial Balance The general goals of financial reporting are to keep an accurate and ethical record of all financial transactions of a company, while maintaining integrity and adhering to the generally accepted principles of accounting. The steps I took in the recording process for this assignment were to first make journal entries to accurately depict all financial transactions for the fictitious company. After making and double checking my journal entries, I entered them into the general ledger. We will write a custom essay sample on Xacc/280 Wk2 Assignment Journalizing, Posting, and Preparing a Trial Balance or any similar topic only for you Order Now This step might seem a bit redundant, but it is vital to have this information available in both forms—a day by day account, and an account by account analysis. Lastly I prepared the trial balance report for the same fictitious company. The steps I took support, and are in strict adherence to, the principles of accounting because: there are no fictitious entries, I made no attempts to understate income nor to overstate expenses, and I double checked my work to ensure accuracy. I made certain that I accurately recorded the information I was given, and ensured that it balanced out. The basic accounting equation (Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity) is fully satisfied, and the financial information I was given is accurately reported. I once had a wonderfully wise employer who was a CPA. He told me that all we can do is report the numbers we are given by our clients. If it does not pass the â€Å"smell test† then we can bring it to the client’s attention, but we should never accuse them of attempting anything resembling fraud. Make copies of the information given to us by the client, and keep those copies in the client’s file. That way, we can prove that the numbers we reported were the same numbers we were given to report. How to cite Xacc/280 Wk2 Assignment Journalizing, Posting, and Preparing a Trial Balance, Papers

The Defeat of Napoleon in Russia Essay Example For Students

The Defeat of Napoleon in Russia Essay The Campaign of 1812 should have been a another crusade for Napoleon, but he now faced 2 new policies that he had never faced before, the severe Russian winter and the notorious scorched-earth policy. On June 23, 1812 Napoleons Grande Armee, over 500,000 men strong, poured over the Russian border. An equal amount of Russian forces awaited them. The result of the campaign was a surprise. Two authors, General carl von Clausewitz and Brett James, show similarities in reasons why Napoleon had lost this campaign to Russia. Napoleon believed that after a few quick victorious battles, he could convince Alexander to return to the Continental System. He also decided that if he occupied Moscow, the Russian government would crumple and ask for peace. A single blow delivered at the heart of the Russian Empire, at Moscow the Great, at Moscow the Holy, will ineztly put this whole blind, apathetic mass at my mercy. pg 6, 1812 Napoleons Defeat in Russia. We will write a custom essay on The Defeat of Napoleon in Russia specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This was his belief he expressed in March 1812. However, when Napoleon eventually took over Moscow, the Tsar still did not surrender. Napoleon, sent a message to the Tsar, demanding a immediate surrender. However, the Tsar could not surrender because if he did, he would be assassinated by the nobles. Clausewitz replies by saying, Napoleon was unable to grasp the fact that Alexander would not, could not negotiate. The Tsar knew well that he would be disposed and assassinated if he tried so. pg 256, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia. General Clausewitz said, Napoleon believed if he defeated the Russian Army and occupied Moscow, the Russian leadership will fall apart and the government would call for peace. pg 253, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also agreed that Napoleons occupation had no result. The occupation of Napoleon in Moscow did not have a effect on the government. pg 13, 1812 Napoleons Defeat in Russia With his battle plan set, Napoleon prepared his troops for the attack on Russia. But, Napoleon did not consider the fierce Russian winter which awaited him. According to Ludwig Wilhelm Gottlob Schlosser, a onlooker, he described the army by saying, The French, down to the lowliest drummer were very fastidious. These poor French devils were not satisfied with less than soup, meat and vegetables, roast, and salad for their midday meal, and there was no sign of their famous frugality. They were completely devoid of the coming winter. pg 13, 1812 Napoleons Defeat in Russia Napoleon was even warned by General Rapp about the extremities of the oncoming winter in Russia. The natives say we shall have a severe winter, Napoleon retorted scornfully, Bah! You and your natives! We shall see how fine it is. pg 147, 1812 Napoleons Defeat in Russia Napoleon should have heeded Rapps words. As the Grand Armee marched toward Moscow, many horses and men were lost in the freezing snow, and for those who remained, their morale and effectiveness was at the nadir. General Clausewitz states his point by saying, With more precaution and better regulations as to subsistence, with more careful consideration of his marches, which would have prevented the unnecessary and enormous accumulation of masses on one and the same road, he would have preserved his army in a more effective condition. pg 255, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also shared the same opinion, Napoleon appeared to have made no effort to discover the facts in Russia, or prepare his troops for it. pg 140, 1812 Napoleons D efeat in Russia. As Napoleon and his army was making their way to Moscow, they encountered typhus, colds, and dysentery. Even the mighty Napoleon had caught a mild case of the flu. However, his soldiers had received the brunt of the attack. Captain Thomas- Joesph Aubry relives this ordeal, After this the typhus made appalling inroads in our ranks. We were fourty-three officers in our ward. All of them died, one after the other, and delirious from this dreadful disease, most of them singing, some in Latin, others in German, others again in Italian and singing psalms, canticles, or the mass. pg 210, 1812 Napoleons Defeat in Russia General Clausewitz wrote, The bad water and the air-borne insects caused dysentery, typhus, and diarrhea. pg 136, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia Brett James also wrote, Bad water, bad air, and bad sanitation all contributed to the vile diseases. pg 213 1812, Napoleons defeat in Russia. .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 , .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .postImageUrl , .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 , .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3:hover , .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3:visited , .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3:active { border:0!important; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3:active , .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3 .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf3c5f7f80fc6c15dd2b66e3a6d547b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Picture Of Dorian Grey EssayNapoleon had lost about 80,000 men altogether from diseases alone. But there were some remedies for the sick, doctors provided gruel for the dysentery and warm soup for the colds. Napoleon could have lowered the casualties if he had brought more doctors and more supplies. When Napoleon had finally reached Moscow, he discovered it deserted. Two days later, a great fire broke out in Moscow, temporarily forcing Napoleon and some of his troops out of Moscow. If Napoleon had reached Moscow with at 300,000 men instead of 90,000, he could have continued his campaign and defeat the weakened Russian army. The Emperor could have reached Moscow with at least 300,000 men if he had taken better care of his troops and had not fought every battle that he came across. Brett James shows that Napoleon regarded his army as mere numbers and did not contemplate that they would be affected by hunger and fatigue. He would not have lost a 100,000 men if he had not chosen on every occasion to take the bull by the horns. pg 86, 1812 Napoleons Defeat in Russia Moscow was a good weeks march away, but already the army was already disintegrating through sheer hunger. pg 147, 1812 Napoleons Defeat in Russia General Clausewitz also relates with Brett by declaring, He reached Moscow with 90,000 men, he should have reached it with 300,000. This would have happened if he treated his army with more care and forbearance. pg 255, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia If Napoleon only had at least 300,000 men, he could have waited for supplies with the comfort of knowing that he was safe. Instead, Napoleon retreated and allowed his army to slowly wither under t he attack of the Russian guerrillas. Therefore I have shown some reasons why Napoleon had lost the Campaign of 1812 to Russia. However, Napoleon did not lose the war out of military errors but of a simple miscalculation a miscalculation that was made by Hitler a century later. Napoleon believed that if he occupied Moscow, the Russian government would collapse and he would rule Europe with little opposition. But as history reveals, this tactic does not work and Napoleon is defeated, paving the way for other nations to deny Napoleons lust for power.

Psychology-Chapter 7 Essay Example

Psychology Psychology-Chapter 7 Paper Psychology-Chapter 7 Paper Essay Topic: Literature George Miller found that the average person is able to keep about ____ digits in mind at a time. seven Tim can remember what he had for lunch yesterday. This is an example of aan episodic memory. The memory of things that happen to us or occur in our life are referred to as episodic memory. Recall of what your professor said in class is ____ memory, and recall of what you wore that day are instances of ____ memory. semantic; episodic General knowledge of history, algebra, and literature refers to ____ memory. semantic Tracy took tennis lessons when she was very young but had not played tennis for years when she decided to enroll in a tennis class at college. A moment after she picked up her racket, she realized with surprise that she had shifted it to the correct forehand grip without even thinking. Tracys ____ memory made this possible. implicit The memory that tends to fail when we are feeling stressed, distracted, and preoccupied is called prospective memory. The stages of information processing in memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval Which of the following could be used to store The Star Spangled Banner song in memory? acoustic code ____ means maintaining information over time. Storage While doing his homework, Joe noticed that he was having difficulty remembering a formula for his statistics assignment. He realized he would have to review it more often to be able to recall the information. Psychologist refer to his realization as metamemory. A psychology student wants to know how to remember the various aspects of operant conditioning. His teacher tells him to relate it to classical conditioning, which he already knows. This is an example of ____ rehearsal. elaborative The process of locating and returning information to consciousness is referred to as retrieval Sofia is taking a chemistry exam. She has not studied conscientiously, and the meanings of the chemical suffixes seem to be confusing. Sofias difficulty in remembering is most probably due to encoding failure. Psychologist believe that we possess a sensory register for each of our sensory systems. Photographic memory involves iconic memory and eidetic imagery. The memory that enables one to hold information for a limited time in their mind is called short term memory. To save information that is in short term memory you must repeat the information mentally or out loud. The way in which we conceptualize our worlds, our beliefs, and our expectations are built around cognitive structures called schemas. ____ is formed in long-term memory by organizing information into groups of classes according to common or distinct features. Hierarchical structure Remembering nonsense syllables is difficult because they are meaningless and require acoustic coding and maintenance rehearsal. In taking the position that only fill-in-the-blank tests are suitable for testing the knowledge of students, Professor Terry is mainly interested in measuring recall When old information interferes with the recall of new information this is ____; when new information interferes with the recall of old information this is ____. proactive interference; retroactive interference Psychoanalysts believe that dissociative amnesia involves repression Freud discovered that many patients could not recall episodes that happened prior to the age of three and that their recall was cloudy through the age of five. He identified this phenomenon as ____ amnesia. infantile

Genealogy and Jewish Last Name Origins

Genealogy and Jewish Last Name Origins Many of the names that people think sound Jewish are, in fact, simple German, Russian, or Polish surnames. You generally cant identify Jewish ancestry by a surname alone. Actually, there are really only three surnames (and their variations) that are generally specifically Jewish: Cohen, Levy, and Israel. Yet, even variations of these common Jewish-specific surnames may not be Jewish in origin. The surnames Cohan and even Cohen, for example, could instead be an Irish surname, derived from OCadham (descendant of Cadhan). Clues to Surnames That May Be Jewish While few names are specifically Jewish, there are certain surnames that are more commonly found among Jews: Names ending in -berg (Weinberg, Goldberg)Names ending in -stein (Einstein, Hofstein)Names ending in -witz (Rabinowitz, Horowitz)Names ending in -baum (Metzenbaum, Himmelbaum)Names ending in -thal (Blumenthal, Eichenthal)Names ending in -ler (Adler, Winkler)Names ending in -feld (Seinfeld, Berkenfeld)Names ending in -blum (Weissblum, Rosenblum)Names  having to do with  wealth (Goldberg, Silverstein)Names derived from Hebrew words (Mizrachi, from mizrakhi, meaning eastern, or easterner) Some Jewish surnames may originate from professions that are exclusive to Jews. The surname Shamash, and its variations such as Klausner, Templer, and Shuldiner, means shamash, a synagogue sexton. Chazanian, Chazanski, and Chasanov all derive from chazan, a cantor. Another common origin for  Jewish surnames are house names, referring to a distinctive sign attached to a house in the days before street numbers and addresses (a practice primarily in Germany, by both Gentiles and Jews). The most famous of these Jewish house names is Rothschild,  or red shield, for a house distinguished by a red sign. Many Common Jewish Last Names Sound German Many Jewish-sounding surnames are actually German in origin. This may be due to a  1787 Austro-Hungarian law  that required Jews to register a permanent family surname, a name they also required to be German. The decree also required that all surnames that had previously been used in Jewish families, such as those originating from a place where the family lived, should be totally abandoned.  The chosen names were subject to the approval of Austrian officials, and if a name was not chosen, one was assigned.   In 1808, Napoleon issued a similar decree that compelled Jews outside of Germany and Prussia to adopt a surname within three months of the decree, or within three months of moving into the French Empire. Similar laws requiring Jewish people to adopt permanent surnames were passed at various times by different countries, some well into the latter half of the 19th century. A Surname Alone Cant Identify Jewish Ancestry While many of the above surnames have a greater likelihood of belonging to a Jewish family, you cant assume that any of the last names are actually Jewish, no matter how Jewish they may sound to you, or how many Jewish families you know with that name. The third most common Jewish surname in America (after Cohen and Levy) is Miller, which is also obviously a very common surname for Gentiles as well. Resources and Further Reading Rieder, Estee. â€Å"Whats in a Name?† Mishpacha Magazine, Jewish World Review, 2007.